Frank Lloyd Wright :: essays research papers

Architecture, the practice of building design and its resulting products, customary usage refers only to those designs and structures that are culturally significant. Today the architecture must satisfy its intended uses, must be technically sound, and must convey beautiful meaning. But the best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of history of cultures, achievements in architecture that testify to the nature of the society that produced them. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art, yet Frank Lloyd Wright single handily changed the history of architecture. How did Frank Lloyd Wright change architecture?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frank Lloyd Wright, American architect, who was a pioneer in the modern style, is considered one of the greatest figures in 20th-century architecture. Wright was born June 8, 1867, in Richland Center, Wisconsin. When he entered the University of Wisconsin in 1884 his interest in architecture had already acknowledged itself. The university offered no courses in his chosen field; however, he enrolled in civil engineering and gained some practical experience by working part time on a construction project at the university. In 1887 he left school and went to Chicago where he became a designer for the firm of Adler and Sullivan with a pay of twenty-five dollars a week. Soon Wright became Louis Sullivan’s chief assistant. Louis Sullivan, Chicago based architect, one of America’s advanced designers. Louis had a profound influence on Frank Lloyd Wright. Wright was assigned most of the firm’s home projects, but to pay his many debts he designed ‘Boo tlegged Houses’ for private clients in his spare time. Sullivan disapproved, resulting in Wright leaving the firm in 1893 to establish his own office in Chicago. In the spring of 1893 Wright decided to build his own house in Oak Park, Illinois. Taking six years to build, Wright was free to experiment with his objectives in residential architecture over the next twenty-year period. Designing and re-constructing his buildings was a continuous process. He always changed his designs. For twenty years this home served as an independent labatory for Wright. This too went under constant changes. Rooms were enlarged or added, ceilings heightened, the arrangement of the windows changed, and the entry route into the house was modified. Wright even allowed the growth of a willow tree to be uninterrupted by placing a hold in the roof of the studio.

Silent Spring Essay

The Death of Beauty Albert Einstein once said, â€Å"Our task must be to free ourselves by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature and its beauty. † Similar to Einstein, the author Rachel Carson believed that human kind should embrace nature's and help preserve its beauty and life . In the passage from the book Silent Spring by Rachel Carson, the author informs and persuades her audience against the dangers and misuse of pesticides.Rachel Carson is a renowned writer, ecologist, and scientist who dedicated her life to the conservation of the environment. Throughout her career as an editor in chief, marine biologist, and environmental activist, Carson continued to educate the public about the wonder and beauty of the living world. She emphasized humanity's power to alter the environment, but in â€Å"Silent Spring† she begins to challenge the traditional practices that disrupt the balance of nature.Carson not only blames f armers for unnecessary violence towards the environment, reveals the dangers on pesticides to her audience, and blames higher authorities, for the damage to wildlife through the use of pesticides in order to persuade her audience to take action against the mistreatment and abuse of the environment. Through war like diction, Carson exaggerates the farmer's violence towards blackbirds, misguidance in the use of dangerous pesticides, and lack of emotion for bloodshed.Aiming to weaken the pesticide users reputation, Carson introduces her main argument by referring to the â€Å"habit of killing† as,† the resort to â€Å"eradicating† any creature that may annoy or inconvenience†(paragraph1). The word â€Å"eradication† is the word used by farmers to justify the use of pesticides. The farmers find it necessary to use dangerous chemicals for the sole purpose to wipe out a species entirely, a species who merely were an â€Å"inconvenience†. The word â €Å"eradicate† is a euphemism used by the farmers to cover up the severity of pesticide use.The word was meant to be less offensive, but ironically what the word implied was used to Carson's advantage. Carson instills fear among her audience at the farmer's lack of emotion towards bloodshed, leaving the reader to question who is to blame. Sparking the reader's interest, Carson introduces an authority, who she describes as having a direct affiliation with the farmers who were, â€Å"persuaded of the merits of killing by poison† (paragraph 2). The farmers are misinformed and act without reason, only following what was told to them.The violence against blackbirds provides benefits or â€Å"merits† of death that outweigh moral reasoning and the consequences of using â€Å"poison†. The war between an unknown authority and animals is a one sided one, which involves exterminating the helpless and the innocent with a substance that has deadly effects. Acting on o rders, without emotion, farmers made the fatal decision and, â€Å"they sent in the planes on their mission of death† (paragraph 2). Carson uses the term â€Å"mission of death† to symbolize the authorities sending in soldiers in a war who are ordered to kill anything in sight.Comparing a war to the farmer's actions brings memories of blood, fear, and endless suffering to the reader. Carson relates to the reader's experiences of war and uses the negative associations to connect it the farmers. Armed with planes, the farmer's â€Å"mission of death† resulted in the â€Å"deaths of over 65,000 victims of blackbirds and starlings†. Carson writes that â€Å"casualties most likely gratified the farmers†, that the deaths were the spoils of war. Just like a war, the birds were not the only ones caught in the crossfire.Countless rabbits, raccoons, and opossums who had never visited a cornfield were disposed of and forgotten. As the war and mission of exter mination intensifies, parathion's poison begins to spread, affecting everything it touches. Carson appeals to the audience's sense of guilt and urgency by using death imagery to show pesticide's potential to reach far beyond the destruction of nature's beauty and affect every animal, man, woman, and child. The destruction of pesticides is overwhelming, what was once a flock of colorful birds is eradicated, leaving behind the, â€Å"pitiful heaps of many hued feathers† (paragraph 5).The viewer is subject to the imagery of pesticides, destroying a beautiful creature until not even a body remains. There is a play with emotions, a beautiful bird should not be the victim of greed and ignorance. A bird a symbol of the freedom and serenity in nature; for it to be targeted means that nature itself is under attack. Those who are innocent are able to see the beauty in nature and children often are drawn to forests and streams, but what prevents pesticides reaching, â€Å"boys who roam through the woods or fields† (paragraph 4).Not only are animals affected by pesticides, but also blameless children who have always enjoyed nature as a place to explore and discover. Parents are immediately alarmed by the prospect of children being harmed and see pesticides as a threat to health, safety, and innocence. Nature is a part of childhood and it is imperative that parents protect what is precious to children. If it can reach children, it can reach anyone in the proximity of the, â€Å"widening wave of death that spreads out, like ripples when a pebble is dropped into a still pond† (paragraph 5).The imagery of a pebble being dropped into a pond is like a large bomb, dropped and resulting in the disturbance of the peaceful and still pond. The ripples of the pebble symbolize pesticides reaching much farther than the targeted area, spreading through water sources and fields. The metaphor of the pebble and pond suggests that no matter how the problem may seem, it can spread and endanger anything or anyone. In order to stop the spread, the public must take action.After analyzing the dangers and abuse of pesticides, Carson uses rhetorical questions to gain support from the audience against the questionable figures whose actions caused devastation towards nature. Carson involves the reader into her argument by directly addressing the audience and asking, â€Å"Who has made the decision that sets in motion these chains of poisonings? † (paragraph 4). Carson uses rhetorical questions to translate fear and guilt towards the harm of nature into feelings of urgency to know the authority's identity.Carson directly addresses the audience to imply that she knows the answer to who is activating these â€Å"chains† of deaths. Using parallel structure, Carson continues to ask questions, â€Å"Who guarded the poisoned area to keep out any who might wander in? † (paragraph 3). Both the audience and author know the answer. No one. Neithe r farmer nor authority cared about the public's, audience's, or children's safety. He was entrusted power by the people and has abused it, he has made the decision to benefit himself, â€Å"He has made it during a moment of inattention by millions† (paragraph 5).Whose fault is it really for causing it in the first place? Cason uses the phrase â€Å"inattention by millions† to point her finger at the very people she is trying to persuade. The ignorance towards nature has allowed power to be put into the hands of the untrustworthy. Carson uses the word â€Å"inattention† to suggest that the audience let the abuse of power happen, but now have a choice to take the power back and prevent the mistreatment of the environment. By revealing the harm to the environment and the harmful effects of pesticides, Carson convinces readers to take action against farmers and a higher authority.Through the power of language, Carson appeals to the audiences emotions, logic, and eth ics in order to persuade them to support her argument. Carson also informs the public about the importance and beauty of the environment and warns against its mistreatment. Through Carson's literary work, she ensures that the beauty of nature will remain. In modern times where life is disconnected from nature, it can be easy to forget all that the environment provided and still provides; but if everyone works together, this beauty can be protected and conserved for future generations.

Solaire Resort and Casino - 4555 Words

Solaire Resort and Casino, Entertainment City Manila BA International Hospitality Tourism Management Module: Integrated Resort Management Module Code: B3123 Title: Solaire Resort and Casino Submitted on: 01 OCT 2013 Word count: 3699 Solaire Resort and Casino, Entertainment City Manila Contents Page 1. Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 2. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 3. Profitability †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6†¦show more content†¦(Steelman Partners Announces the Creation of Several New Companies, 2013) 3. Profitability It has been many years the Philippines gaming market was the Philippines Amusement and Gaming Corporation, the state-owned corporation for operating and regulating, who are thirteen Casino Filipino-branded casinos and another 23 slot clubs comprise today a little over 7,100 slots and 650 table games. 3 other private gaming companies have since joined the market. Panama-based Thunderbird Resorts owns two similarly casinos under its Fiesta brand in San Fernando City. They are located about 65 kilometers to the north of Manila and in Rizal, just east of the city. Another company called Jimei Group from Macau, which has its major business in facilitating corporate tours, casino cruises and travel and tour groups through the Philippines, is operating Fontana Hot Spring Leisure Park in San Fernando City, providing services in casino, golf course and family leisure.(Effect of a new casino on problem gambling in treatment-seeking substance abusersï ¼Å'2003) In 2009, Resorts World Manila opened across from Terminal 3 of Ninoy Aquino International Airport, and it changes everything. For as the property have 300 tables and 1,800 slots and three hotels contains of 1,574 rooms and suites and a huge shopping mall with theaters and a great number ofShow MoreRelatedCentral Bank Heist : Internal Control Weaknesses And Techniques2113 Words   |  9 PagesBloomberry Resorts Corp.’s Solaire Resort and Casino, $21.2 Million to the junket operator Kim Wong of Eastern Hawaii Leisure Co. Ltd, and $30.6 Million to a person named Weikang Xu, a gaming room promoter for Solaire, who withdrew the money in cash. Philippine casinos are exempt from the anti-money-laundering law as they are not required to report suspicious transactions, and laws limit access by authorities without permission from the depositor. With the transfers made to the casino industry, the

A Role Of Academic Integrity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 553 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/03 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Integrity Essay Did you like this example? Academic integrity is the commitment to and demonstration of honest and moral behavior in an academic setting (writingcenter.unc.edu). Therefore, individuals practicing academic integrity is crucial because it displays high standards that protect and uphold your reputation, reflects well in different environments (i.e. professional programs, colleges/universities, potential work settings, etc.) and being major contributors to the welfare of society. In simpler terms, your personal morals and values echo your character and trustworthiness. For example, students who practice academic integrity will work diligently to complete given assignments, pass their quizzes and exams, or earn their degrees in a fair and truthful way by putting in the necessary hours of studying and finishing their assignments. This brings me to my next point about academic misconduct/dishonesty. Academic misconduct is any action or attempted action that may result in creating an unfair academic advantage for oneself or an unfair academic advantage or disadvantage for any other member or members of the academic community (sa.berkeley.edu). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Role Of Academic Integrity" essay for you Create order Examples of academic misconduct would be, but are not limited to, cheating, plagiarism, falsification/fabrication/alteration of information and data, etc. When a student exhibits academic dishonesty, his or her integrity is compromised. Therefore, the morals and values of the individual are diminished. This lack of credibility then can trail you and potentially impact your professional and/or future goals. For example, a student having a difficult time gaining acceptance into a graduate/post-baccalaureate program and/or needing a favor by a higher academic authority, but is denied the service, due to displaying some type of academic dishonesty during his or her undergraduate career. As stated, this can cause great detriment to an individuals future plans because of one faulty decision they made. With that being said, this example does not revolve exclusively around academics, but also in a professional workplace setting as well. Examples of professional workplace misconduct would be, but are not limited to, lying, cheating, stealing, fraud, using unauthorized materials, etc (www.researchgate.net). When an individual exhibits some level of misconduct in a professional workplace setting, he or she are setting themselves up for failure. They are putting themselves at risk for job termination or even worse repercussions depending on the severity level of dishonesty. Workplace dishonesty correlates with academic misconduct/dishonesty because nobody wants a doctor who cheated to get his or her medical degree to perform a life or death surgery on them or a bad engineer to build bridges that involves humans crossing it. Both examples, but are not limited to, exemplify t he dangers and liability issues that fall behind this, especially involving human beings. Therefore, it is crucial to demonstrate honesty, both academically and professionally, because whether or not you are in charge of peoples lives, working towards your aspirations, or simply needing a favor, your character based on your morals, values and work ethic will resonate off of you to the world. It is important to remember that you are, undeniably, an influence on the welfare of humanity. So, when you are not practicing academic integrity, like you should, you are not only doing yourself a dishonest service, but you are being a poor contributor to the wellbeing of society, in which your actions are being perceived by the world around you. THINK BEFORE YOU SPEAK AND DO.

Business Analysis Consumerization Type Technologies (...

As the phenomenon of consumerization continues to become more pervasive across enterprises, CIOs must think differently about the technologies they use and how those technologies enhance the end-user experience, while also balancing the supportability and security of the IT environment. Technologies must not hinder employee productivity, and yet must protect enterprise data and the firm’s intellectual property. Consumerization has also forced CIOs to make significant changes in policies, security, and infrastructure. Additionally, CIOs must consider the end-user’s use of the technology, and consider their need to access data and applications while in the field. With this in mind, CIOs are turning to cloud and virtualization technologies to provide the ultimate in flexibility and choice, while maintaining security. Infrastructure decisions related to consumerization are becoming increasingly difficult as there are few vendors that provide a complete stack of service s that are integrated across the CIO’s need for security, support, functionality, and management of the environment. What makes this even more difficult is the fact that there is very little standardization across consumerization-type technologies (Harteveld, 2012). This leads to a varied â€Å"stack† of technologies that CIOs must knit together seamlessly to provide a functional and secure user experience that does not hinder the users’ productivity. From an architectural perspective, in order to support

International Assignments free essay sample

Why do organizations use Expatriates? Expatriates were used as a means of addressing agency issues as a result of the separation of ownership and management and their amplification through distance. Edstrom and Gailbraith (1977) proposed three motives for using expatriates. Firstly, as position fillers when suitably qualified host country nationals (HCNs) were not available. Secondly, as a means of management development, aimed at developing the competence of the individual manager. Thirdly, as a means of organisational development, aimed at increasing knowledge transfer within the MNC and modifying and sustaining organizational structure and decision processes. Although it is important to note that assignments generally have more than one rationale (Sparrow et al. , 2004) More recently, Harzing (2001) identified three control specific roles of expatriates, namely: the bear, the bumble-bee, and the spider. Bears act as a means of replacing the centralisation of decision-making in MNC and provide a direct means of surveillance over subsidiary operations. The title highlights the degree of dominance these assignees have over subsidiary operations. Bumble bees fly â€Å"‘from plant to plant’ and create cross-pollination between the various offshoots† (Harzing, 2001: 369). These expatriates can be used to control subsidiaries through socialisation of host employees and the development of informal communication networks. Finally spiders, as the name suggests control through the weaving of informal communication networks within the MNC There is a growing debate as to the continued utility and viability of the conventional expatriate assignment. 5 key aspects of this issue: supply side issues*, demand side issues*, expatriate performance and expatriate failure, performance evaluation, and finally costs and career dynamics. Supply side There is growing recognition that shortages of international managers are a significant problem for international firms and frequently constrain the implementation of global strategies in these firms (Evans et al, 2002) Broadly these issues can be grouped as issues concerning the recruitment and retention of potential expatriate employees. Issues related to recruitment and potential expatriate employees There is some evidence to suggest that families are less willing to accept the disruption of personal and social lives associated with international assignments than was the case in the past (Forster, 2000). The most recent available data suggest that the female expatriate population has not risen significantly over the past decade and remains at approximately 10 per cent however (PriceWaterhouseCoopers, 2005). Recent research conducted on the outcome of women’s global assignments has indicated that female expatriates are generally successful in their global assignments. Issues related to retention of expatriate employees There is growing recognition that companies deal unsympathetically with the problems faced by expatriates on re-entry reluctant to accept int. ssignments North American research indicates that 20 per cent of all managers who complete foreign assignments wish to leave their company on return. Yet, while it is generally accepted that retention of expatriates is a growing problem and that the costs of expatriate turnover are considerable (Dowling and Welch, 2004), many international firms have failed to develop repatriation policies or programmes designed to assist the career progression of the expatriate (Black et al 2000) There is little evidence to suggest that many companies practice talent management in a co-ordinated and efficient way (Cohn et al, 2005), Which may be defined as approaches to recruit, retain, develop and motivate a competent cohort of managerial talent with appropriate international experience in the global business environment. Evans et al (2002) â€Å"MNCs are unaware of where their best talent is located and have difficulties in indentifying their high performers. Costs A key challenge for both international HRM professionals and academics is to understand and develop methodologies for accurately measuring the relative costs and benefits associated with international assignments. Sparrow et al. (2004: 139) conclude on the basis of empirical study that few organisations had a true grasp of the costs associated with expatriate assignments, similarly they had almost no idea of the benefits accrued by the organisation from various types of international assignment. So while organisations may have a well-designed and articulate strategy with regard to staffing their foreign operations, they have often failed to monitor the performance of international assignees to accurately measure their performance and contribution to the bottom line Demand side issues Rapid growth of emerging markets such as China, India and Eastern Europe has a significant impact on both the demand and the supply of international mangers. Internatinalisation of small and medium enterprises demand Arguably therefore, a relatively small recruitment pool for global assignments is being further diluted by an expanding number of firms and locations competing for scarce international management talent Expatriate â€Å"failure† Traditionally, a key issue in the global staffing literature is expatriate failure, which represents a significant issue for MNCs due to the high costs of expatriate failure which are both direct (e. . salary, training costs, travel and relocation expenses) and indirect (damaged relations with host country organizations and loss of market share) (Dowling and Welch, 2004). Harzing (1995; 2002)- She suggests that there is little empirical evidence for the claims of high expatriate failure and claims that the myth of high expatriate failure rates has been perpetuated by careless and inappropriate referencing of Tung’s (1981; 1982) seminal work. If firms can take a broader view of the success or failure of expatriate assignments, they are more likely to gain a better picture of the utility of such assignments than they can with narrow definitions of failure Expatriate Performance Managing performance in a traditional expatriate assignment is complex. Complexity added to this process by the fact that expatriates must meet the often conflicting expectations of HQ management and subsidiary colleagues. It has been argued that there are a number of factors which impact on the performance of expatriate employees. These include technical knowledge, personal (and family) adjustment to the foreign culture, and environmental factors (political and labor force stability and cultural distance from one’s home culture) (Cascio, 2006; Oddou and Mendenhall, 2000). It is important to note, however, the potential problems which would result from a primary focus on technical competence which lacks adequate consideration of cultural factors. Career issues Traditional literature: employees lose their jobs or demoted on arrival 2 recent trends emphasis placed by employees on career mobility and decreasing commitment to specific organisations. International assignees’ perceive the value of the assignment to be in developing individual competence which can be transferred across organizations and which is valued in the external labor market (DeFillippi amp; Arthur, 1996; Parker amp; Inkson, 1999; Stahl, Miller, amp; Tung, 2002). This literature resonates with the emerging literature on the boundaryless career (Arthur and Rousseau, 1996). Thomas et al (2005: 341) note: The boundaryless careerist†¦is the highly qualified mobile professional who builds his or her career competencies and labor market value through transfer across boundaries. He or she is explicitly and implicitly contrasted with more staid careerists pursuing traditional organizational careers, who, it is implied, are at risk in a rapidly changing society because their career-relevant skills and networks are associated with single organizations vulnerable to unexpected change. it may call into question ongoing organizational loyalty, reflected, for example, in the high levels of expatriate turnover on repatriation that emerge in the literature. Alternative forms international assignment Research suggests there is little evidence of a significant decline in the use of long-term assignments but does identify the growing use of alternative forms of international assignments (cf. Dowling and Welch, 2004; Fenwick, 2004; Mayerhofer et al. , 2004; PriceWaterhoseCoopers, 2005; Scullion and Collings, 2006c; Tahanainen, Welch and Worm, 2005). Short term int assignments| Typically, what constitutes ‘short-term’ is company specific, but it could be considered an assignment longer than a business-trip but shorter than a year’s duration. used in MNCs: (1) Problem solving or skills transfer- for example in implementing a project, establishing a new process or troubleshooting; (2) for control purposes and; (3) for managerial development reasons. | Failure to build effective relationships with local colleagues and customersWork visa permits Alcoholism/marital problems| Frequent flyer assignments| The IBT has been defined as â€Å"one for whom business travel is an essential component of their work† (Welch and Worm, 2006: 284)| * face-to-face interaction without the requirement for their physical relocation. Appropriate in the European context, where many European capitals can be reached with a short flight (1 to 3 hours). Appropriate for conducting irregular specialized tasks, such as annual budgeting meetings or production scheduling| Short trips followed one after the other- health issues, serious family problems compared to traditional, Individuals fail to catch up with work back home| Commuter and Rotational Assignments| The former: an assignee commutes from their home base to another country to a post in another country, generally on a weekly or bi-weekly basis (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2005). Latter:staff commute from their home country to a workplace in another country for a sort period followed by a period of time off in the home country (Welch and Worm, 2006). oilrigs| report particular success of this approach in the Chinese context, although they also point to the complexities of using such assignments due to issues around compensation, taxation and social security. geographic situation in Europe means that Eurocommuting and frequent visiting is a viable alternative to expatriate transfers (Mayrhofer and Brewster, 1997). concerns about the viability of commuter arrangements over an extended period of time due to the build up of stress from intensive travel commitments and the impact on personal relationships† (Dowling and Welch, 2004: 68)| Global virtual teams| As a result of increasing decentralisation and globalisation of work processes, organisations have responded to their dynamic environments by introducing GVT in which members are geographically disperse d and coordinate their work predominantly with electronic information and communication technologies. In global virtual teams, staff do not relocate to a host location but have a responsibility to manage international staff from the home base (Dowling and Welch, 2004). Help global firms to use the best talent wherever it is located (Maznevski et al. , 2006). Appropriate for relatively routine activities. | Some argue for it to be a international assignment there need to be relocation| HR implications for managing International Assignments There is little doubt that a significant challenge for international HR managers in managing this portfolio of international assignments is the need to develop a range of IHRM policies and practices to take account the different types, objectives and different circumstances surrounding each type of assignment. Policies surrounding IS International assignments result in a greater administrative burden in some areas of international HR managers. Challenges will be tracking and accounting for this increasingly diverse group of internationally mobile employees, particularly in relation to tax, social security, visa and legal requirements or the various countries (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2005). Research indicates that over 50 per cent of respondents followed a single policy for both long and short-term assignments (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2005). The danger for organizations and assignees in failing to develop appropriate policies is that their international assignment will fall outside the traditional remit of the international HR function and thus they will not receive the level of organizational support required. The challenge for the international HR function is to develop appropriate policies to minimise the possibility of this occurring and to support the assignment in the most appropriate way. On the other hand, while research has emphasised the importance of support for traditional international assignments (Tung, 2000), recent research has highlighted the lack of HR support for alternative international assignees and suggested that the burden of managing these assignments is largely left with employees and their families (Mayerhofer et al, 2004). - need family friendly staffing policies Recruitment and selection The importance of effective recruitment and selection for the success of traditional expatriate assignments and for enabling international firms to compete effectively in international business has long been recognised However recent research on short-term assignment indicates that formal selection for short-term assignments was rarely practiced among respondents (Tahvanainen et al, 2005). The majority of international firms continue to rely on technical skills and domestic track record as the most important selection criteria and many organisations still undervalue the importance of the â€Å"soft skills† of international management (Sparrow et al, 2004; Morley amp; Flynn, 2003). There is a need to develop a selection criteria based on the assignment. Training The value of cross-cultural training in increasing the probability of success of international assignments is relatively well documented in the extant literature (cf. Parkinson and Morley (2006). Recent research highlights the lack of HR support for international assignees and suggests that managers are often expected to assume responsibility for their own training and development (Mayerhofer et al, 2004). The practitioner literature suggests that expatriates on short-term assignments and IBTs don’t have the same time as traditional expatriates to adjust to a new culture. - thus without cultural training high tendency for alternative expat assignments to fail Reward (need evidence on rewards for traditional axpat programs) Given the fact that cost reduction is identified as a key factor driving the shift towards alternative forms of international assignments in MNCs, impacts around reward are likely to emerge as a key consideration for MNCs. On balance it appears that salary payments remain in the home country for short-term assignments (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2005; Tahvanainen et al. 2005). There are cost of living adjustments made. Short term assignments can be comparatively expensive for MNCs- hotels vs apartments mainly IBT Occupational health and safety more related to alternative assignments This is particularly the case with regard to IBTs as there is a growing body of literature which highlights the health issues associated with business travel (DeFrank et al. , 2000; Neck, 2000;Welch and Worm, 2006). These issues can range from a lack of emphasis and decline on physical fitness (Neck, 2000), to increased alcohol consumption, to significantly increased stress levels related to business travel (DeFrank et al. , 2000; Welch and Worm, 2006). While these issues have significant implications for the individuals concerned, it is without doubt that health issues could potentially have significant implications for organizational performance (Quick, 2000)

STD.docx Essays (835 words) - Bacteria, Medicine, RTT, Health

Jarrod Davis December 17, 2017 Prof. Johnson- Tate Health Education Sexually Transmitted Diseases With society today being so modern, it would seem obvious that almost all ages, except children under the age of 14, would know how to protect themselves, in the case of any sexual behavior. Health promoters try to educate young adults about sex at an early age so they know how to be smart about it, yet sometimes the resources aren't always available for them. Some on-site research has shown, some high schools have dropped sex education because California state doesn't have enough funding for the school to continue on educating the school. In addition, the schools do not promote students to have sex to the point they don't even provide condoms so they can practice safer sex. With so many teens coming in to clinics being diagnosed with some type of STD or sexually transmitted infection (STI), the issue has been brought to the table of public health professionals to think is the lack of education in safer sex or even the accessibility of basic contraceptives really that difficult to obtain in certain populations. Without the basic knowledge of using a condom, a latex or polyurethane rubber sheath used to wrap the penis and to protect the penis from contracting any STDs or at least reducing on contracting anything, young adults', even adults, will continue to act irresponsible during sex. An STD can be defined as an infectious illness that is transmitted through unprotected sexual activity, including vaginal, anal and oral sex, or skin-to-skin contact with an infected area. STDs can also be spread via skin-to-skin contact or through intravenous (IV) drug use, and can be passed to an unborn child during pregnancy or through breastfeeding.The most common of those diseases being Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and HIV/AIDS. Gonorrhea is a very highly contagious disease. This disease has been cured in the past with anti-biotic, but in recent situations the disease has been resisting medication. Gonorrhea's infectious agent is Neisseria gonorrhoae, a bacterium. The symptoms are different in men and women, but includes "yellow or greenish mucous-like discharge." "A female may have burning on urination or pelvic pain. A male often may have burning with urination, and may notice a stain in his underwear" (www.doh.state.fl.us). Some thirty to fifty percent of women infected with the disease have no kind of symptoms at all. If women do receive symptoms, they are less visual than men are and last a shorter time than men as well. A woman would most likely to get infected in the cervix. Burning sensation of urinating is also a female symptom. Untreated females with the disease can cause it to spread to the Skene's glands and Bartholin's glands. If there is further spreading, it can lead to PID (Pelvic Inflamma tory Disease), which can cause permanent sterility. This is so because both the penis and the vagina have discharges that contains gonococci, which infect any moist, warm surface. Sterility in both men and women can occur if the disease is not treated early enough. The most common and fairly new STD in America is Chlamydia. This disease is only approximately twenty-five years old, but spreads faster than any other STD. About one-fourth of all men and one-half of all women who have it do not have any way of knowing about it unless they get tested for it. Its infectious agent is called Chlamydia trachomatous, a bacterium. Symptoms may include yellow or mucous-like discharge from the vagina or penis. Men and women are infected differently as with Gonorrhea. Most women will be infected in the cervix. Women might also get PID with chlamydia, just one bad infection increase damage to her fallopian tubes by twelve percent, which can lead to permanent sterility. A second serious infection increases her infertility by forty percent, and a third infection by eighty percent. A man will usually get infected in his urethra, causing to have abnormal discharge, and pain while urinating. More serious symptoms with men are arthritis and inflammation of the e yes. On the other hand, chlamydia can be treated with antibiotics. The topic of sexually transmitted diseases is most closely related to physical wellness. Physical wellness can be defined